Water: The Source of Life
December was quite an odd month for us in Southern California; we had a heat wave and then two major storms that caused flooding and mudslides. The beginning of 2026 was wet as well, it poured rain and even rained on the Rose Parade. The stats for rainfall in December 2025 were impressive and the entire state of California is drought free for the first time in 25 years.
I am currently completing canine and feline nutrition; the combination of the weather and these courses have reminded me that water is a very important nutrient. While we don’t think of water as a nutrient, it is the source of life. Let’s go over the functions of water and why it is such a crucial nutrient for our dogs and cats.
Dogs and cats’ bodies are 60 – 70% water weight (just like humans) and their body tissues are composed of 70 – 90% water. Virtually every physiological function of the body requires water. Some of these functions are:
- Delivers nutrients to cells and removes waste.
- Transfers heat and absorbs metabolic heat.
- Regulates temperature through sweating and breathing.
- Assists in waste elimination.
- Lubricates eyes, joints, and digestive tract.
- Moisturizes eyes, nose, mouth, and lungs.
- Supports digestion.
- Cushions the central nervous system.
As you can see water is critical for dogs and cats, life is not possible without it.
Healthy adult dogs can drink 0.78 – 1.5 fluid ounces per lb. per day and healthy adult cats can consume 0.91 fluid ounces per lb. per day. Diet, activity level, size, weather, type of diet, stressors, nursing and disorders are all factors how much a dog or cat drinks.
Activity level: More active dogs and cats will require more water to stay hydrated, especially after exercise or play sessions. Increased activity leads to greater water loss through panting and energy expenditure.
Size: Larger animals generally need more water than smaller ones, but their needs should still be assessed based on individual factors such as age and health status.
Weather: Hot or humid conditions increase water needs due to greater fluid loss from panting or sweating. Always ensure fresh water is available during warmer months.
Type of diet: Animals fed dry kibble will often drink more water than those on canned or raw diets, as these contain more moisture and contribute to daily fluid intake.
Stressors: Stressful situations, such as travel, changes in environment, or illness, can cause dogs and cats to drink more or less than usual. Monitoring intake during these times is important.
Nursing: Lactating females require significantly more water to support milk production and keep both themselves and their offspring hydrated.
Disorders: Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes or kidney disease, can dramatically increase or decrease a pet’s water needs.
The renal threshold is approximately 180 mg/dL (10 mmol/L), when blood glucose levels hit these readings, the kidneys filter out excess glucose. The kidneys require water to filter blood and when BG is higher dogs and cats require more water consumption.
In kidney disease, damaged kidneys may lose the ability to concentrate urine and filter toxins. More water is required.
Monitoring hydration is crucial, especially if your pet has underlying health conditions or is experiencing changes in environment or routine. Dehydration can be a serious illness; symptoms of dehydration include:
- Loss of skin elasticity
- Sticky gums
- Thick saliva (dogs)
- Lethargy
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Sunken eyes
- Loss of appetite
- Dry nose (dogs)
- Elevated heart rate
- Panting
- Reduced urination
If your dog or cat is displaying any of these symptoms, it is important to monitor them closely and seek veterinary attention promptly. Dehydration can quickly become serious, especially in diabetic pets, so early intervention is key to preventing complications and ensuring your pet’s well-being.
Here are some quick tips to keep your pets hydrated:
- Always provide fresh water:Make sure your pets have access to clean, fresh water at all times.
- Use multiple water bowls:Place water bowls in different areas of your home to encourage your pets to drink more.
- Keep bowls clean:Regularly wash water bowls to prevent bacteria buildup.
- Use pet fountains:Some pets prefer running water, so a pet fountain can encourage them to drink more.
- Monitor their intake:Keep an eye on how much your pets are drinking, especially during hot weather or if they are unwell.
- Provide ice cubes:Some dogs enjoy licking ice cubes, which can be a fun way to keep them hydrated.
- Flavor the water:Adding a small amount of bone broth to the water can make it more enticing for your pets.
- Be mindful of the weather:Ensure your pets have extra water during hot weather or after exercise.
In summary, ensuring your pets stay hydrated is crucial for their overall health and well-being. By providing fresh water and monitoring water intake you can help maintain their hydration levels. Keep an eye out for signs of dehydration and consult your veterinarian if you notice any concerning symptoms. With these tips, you can help your pets stay happy, healthy, and hydrated.
Until next time stay comfy, don’t stress and you got this!
Michelle Miller-Matlock
AAHA Certified Diabetes Educator
Co-founder/Administrator of DDO: Diabetic Dog Owners University
Administrator of Diabetic Dog Owners on Facebook
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